Types of Cancer

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer often starts as a lump or mass in the breast’s cells. It may begin in one or both breasts and spread to other regions of the body or neighboring lymph nodes. A breast bulge, alterations in the form of the breast, or strange nipple discharge are among the symptoms. Age, family history, and specific genetic variants are risk factors. Self-examinations and mammography are essential for early detection. Depending on the stage of the malignancy, several treatment options are available, such as radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and hormone therapy.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, which is one of the parts of the female reproductive system. It often goes undetected until it is advanced, making it a challenging cancer to treat. Symptoms can vary, but vague commands and it includes abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, and frequent urination. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Early diagnosis improves prognosis, and treatment typically involves surgery to remove the ovaries and chemotherapy. Regular gynecological exams and awareness of symptoms are essential for early detection.

Cervical Cancer

The cells lining the cervix, or lower section of the uterus, are the source of cervical cancer. It is frequently brought on by a prolonged infection with specific human papillomavirus (HPV) strains. Early-stage cervical cancer may not show symptoms, but advanced stages can cause bleeding, pain, and discharge. Regular Pap smears and HPV testing help detect precancerous changes early. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, depending on the cancer’s stage. Cervical cancer risk can be considerably decreased by receiving an HPV vaccination.

Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer

The endometrium, or lining of the uterus, is where endometrial cancer first appears. Abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and difficulty peeing are common symptoms. Risk factors include obesity, age, and hormone imbalances. This cancer is often detected at an early stage due to its symptoms. Diagnosis involves a biopsy of the uterine lining, and treatment usually consists of surgery to remove the uterus, followed by radiation or chemotherapy if necessary. Hormone therapy may also be used, depending on the cancer’s characteristics.

Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer starts in the lining of the vagina, though it is relatively rare. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding, discharge, and pain during intercourse. Risk factors include HPV infection, a history of cervical cancer, and exposure to certain chemicals. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, biopsy, and imaging tests. Treatment may include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, depending on the cancer’s stage. Preventing late diagnosis is essential for better results, and getting regular gynecological exams can help spot problems early.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer originates in the outer part of the female genitalia (vulva). It can present as a lump, sore, or itching in the vulvar area. Risk factors include HPV infection, age, and smoking. Symptoms may also include pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, biopsy, and imaging tests. Treatment options include surgery to remove the affected area and may also involve radiation and chemotherapy. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis.

Skin Cancer

Skin cells are the source of skin cancer, which is frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from tanning beds or the sun. It may show up as growths or unusual moles. The three primary varieties are Melanoma, squamous, and basal cell carcinoma. Changes in the skin’s appearance, such as new growths or modifications to pre existing moles, are among the symptoms. Early detection through regular skin checks and biopsies is critical. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and topical therapies.

Lung Cancer

As the name says, lung cancer starts in the lungs and is often linked to smoking, though non-smokers can also be affected. Symptoms include a long cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The disease may be classified into small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Early detection is challenging, but imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans can help. Treatment usually involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, depending on the cancer’s stage and type. Quitting smoking is a key preventive measure.

Colorectal Cancer

Colon or rectal cancer is a type of cancer that usually begins as polyps that eventually develop into a malignancy. Changes in bowel patterns, stomach pain, and blood in the stool are some of the symptoms. Age, family history, and specific genetic disorders are risk factors. For early detection and prevention, routine tests such as colonoscopies are essential. Chemotherapy or radiation is often used after surgery to remove the malignant portion of the colon or rectum. A risk-reducing diet and way of living can be helpful.

Nandhini – Pearl Hospital, a leading Muti speciality hospital in Velachery, Chennai, has been dedicated to women’s wellness for over 35 years, offering comprehensive gynaecological, fertility, cancer care, and specialty care treatments for women. Our team of expert obstetricians has safely delivered over 50,000 babies.

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