Gynaec Surgeries
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Gynecological Surgeries
Gynecological surgery refers to any surgical procedure targeting the organs and structures within the female pelvic region, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, fallopian tubes, vagina, and vulva.
Women may require gynecological surgery for various reasons, such as treating conditions like endometriosis, fibroids (non-cancerous growths), ovarian cysts, cancer, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine prolapse, or abnormal bleeding. Additionally, gynaecological surgery can serve as a form of permanent birth control. When lifestyle changes, medications and other treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, surgery may be recommended.
Gynaecological Surgery: Reap the Benefits of Advanced Surgical Technology
Luckily, contemporary gynaecological surgery offers minimally invasive options that address concerns about pain and lengthy recovery times. These advanced techniques, including laparoscopic and robotic surgery, involve small incisions, allowing for a quicker return to daily activities without compromising safety.
Minimally invasive Gynaecologic Surgery provides the following benefits to patients:
- Faster recovery
- Less pain
- Smaller incisions
- Early return to normal activities
- Shorter hospital stay
- Decreased risk of infection
Here's a list of some of the procedures that our doctors perform.
- Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH)
- Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)
- TAH + Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO)
- Laparotomy/Laparoscopic Myomectomy
- Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy
- Laparoscopic Salpingectomy (Hydrosalpinx)
- Diagnostic Laparoscopy + Hysteroscopy
- Laparoscopic Tubectomy
- Laparoscopic with PCO Drilling
- Pelvic Floor Repair
- Colposcopy Guided Cervical Biopsy + Cryocauterization
- Laparoscopy Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
- Laparoscopy for Endometriosis
- Vaginal Hysterectomy + Pelvic Floor Repair
- Hysterotomy/Hysteroscopic Myomectomy
- Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy + Tubectomy
- Laparoscopic Salpingectomy (Ectopic Pregnancy)
- Hysteroscopy and Metroplasty
- Cesarean Hysterectomy
Hysterectomy
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal method of the uterus, often necessary due to issues like severe bleeding, chronic pain, prolapse, or abnormal growth. This standard gynaecological procedure may also include the removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Once the uterus is removed, a woman can no longer conceive, and menstruation ceases. If the ovaries are also removed, menopause will begin immediately.
By the age of 60, over 20 percent of urban Indian women have undergone a hysterectomy. Although the frequency of this surgery has slightly decreased in recent years, it remains the second most common major surgery for women of reproductive age.
A hysterectomy may be recommended to address conditions such as:
- Endometriosis
- Uterine fibroids
- Uterine prolapse
- Excessive or abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Cancers affecting the cervix, ovaries, endometrium, or uterus
- Hysterectomy Procedures
There are four primary methods for performing a hysterectomy:
- Open (Abdominal) Hysterectomy
- Vaginal Hysterectomy
- Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
- Robotic-Assisted Surgery
In most cases, a laparoscopic approach is used, which typically results in a quicker recovery. Patients can continue their daily activities, including work and family responsibilities, often within two weeks.
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a valuable procedure for diagnosing and treating conditions within the uterus. It is considered the most accurate method for assessing the health of the womb and determining its ability to support pregnancy. During a hysteroscopy, a slender, illuminated instrument is gently inserted into the uterus through the vaginal canal.
This tool provides a clear view of the uterine cavity on a monitor, allowing the fertility specialist to examine the area closely. By using Hysteroscopy, various uterine issues that could affect fertility can be identified and treated effectively.
Myomectomy
A myomectomy is an effective surgical procedure for removing uterine fibroids, or “myomas.” Unlike a hysterectomy, in which the whole uterus is removed along with the fibroids, in a myomectomy, only the fibroids are taken out, leaving the uterus intact. This gives women the opportunity to preserve their fertility.
Although a laparotomy may need a longer recovery time, in some scenarios, it may maximize your chances for future pregnancy. There are multiple factors your physician will consider before recommending a treatment plan.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopic surgery is a widely utilized technique for diagnosing and treating pelvic pain, including conditions like endometriosis and ovarian cysts. Rather than making a large abdominal incision, the surgeon uses a small incision tool to insert a laparoscope, a lighted instrument that allows for direct visualization of the pelvic organs. This procedure is the definitive method for confirming the presence of endometriosis.
Checking & Treating Pelvic Issues with Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is a minimal procedure used to inspect the pelvic organs and remove endometrial implants and scar tissue. If endometriosis or scar tissue is detected during the procedure, various surgical methods may be employed to remove it. These methods include excision, which involves cutting out the tissue or destroying it using a laser or electrocautery.
This procedure is most commonly performed to diagnose and treat the following conditions:
- Severe endometriosis or scar tissue affecting organs like the bowel or bladder.
- Persistent or recurring endometriosis pain after hormone therapy.
- Intense pain from endometriosis, where some women and their doctors opt to skip medication and proceed directly to surgery.
- Endometrioma is a cyst on the ovary caused by endometriosis.
- Infertility is potentially linked to endometriosis, where the gynaecologist removes any visible implants or scar tissue to enhance fertility.
Recovery after the procedure is generally faster, with most patients resuming normal activities within 3 to 5 days and achieving full recovery in about two weeks.
Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy
An ovarian cystectomy is a surgical method designed to remove a cyst from the ovary. Laparoscopic surgery, a smaller invasive approach, is often employed for this procedure, requiring only a few small incisions in the lower abdomen.
Ovarian cysts are common for many women at some stage in their lives. While most cysts do not cause significant symptoms, there are cases where they can lead to pain or discomfort. In such instances, surgical removal of the cyst may be recommended. Symptoms that might indicate the presence of an ovarian cyst include pelvic pain, particularly during menstruation or sexual activity.
Dilation &
Curettage (D&C)
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure that removes tissue from the uterus. It is typically performed to examine and treat specific uterine conditions, such as heavy bleeding, or to clear the uterine lining which lead to miscarriage or abortion.
During a D&C, a surgeon first uses instruments or medication to gently open (dilate) the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Next, a surgical instrument known as a curette, which can either be sharp or a suction device, is used to remove the uterine tissue.
Before carrying out a D&C, a gynecologist may suggest an endometrial biopsy or endometrial sampling to help diagnose certain conditions. This procedure might be recommended if:
- You experience unusual uterine bleeding
- You have to bleed after menopause
- Abnormal endometrial cells are found during a routine cervical cancer screening
In an endometrial sampling, a sample of tissue is taken from the uterus lining (endometrium) and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The test can identify:
- Endometrial intraepithelial hyperplasia is a condition where the uterine lining becomes excessively thick and is precancerous
- Uterine polyps
- Uterine cancer
If the biopsy results indicate further investigation is needed, your doctor might recommend a D&C, which is typically conducted in an operating room. When used to address a condition, a D&C involves removing the entire content inside the uterus rather than just a small tissue sample. This procedure may be performed to:
- Prevent infection or severe bleeding by removing remaining tissue after a miscarriage or abortion
- Eliminate a tumour that may develop instead of normal pregnancy (molar pregnancy)
- Address excessive bleeding after delivery by clearing out retained placenta
- Remove benign cervical or uterine polyps
Endometrial
ablation
If you experience heavy bleeding during your periods, consider these questions to determine if endometrial ablation might be a suitable option for you:
- Does your period impact your daily life and activities?
- Are your periods weighty, or do they last longer than 5-7 days?
- Do heavy periods interfere with your social life, athletic activities, sexual activities, or cause you to miss work?
- Do you frequently need to change your protection or carry extra feminine products and a change of clothes?
- Do you experience anxiety or pain due to your heavy periods?
Heavy menstrual bleeding is not something you should accept as normal, and it can be effectively managed with endometrial ablation. This procedure is a safe and less invasive option designed to reduce or even stop heavy periods. Unlike hormone treatments or hysterectomies, endometrial ablation offers a less invasive solution without the associated risks.
Endometrial ablation involves surgically removing or destroying the lining of your uterus to alleviate the discomfort caused by heavy menstrual bleeding. During the procedure, a slender wand is gently inserted into the uterus part through the vaginal and cervix. The wand deploys a triangular-shaped net that expands to fit the uterus, delivering precise radiofrequency energy for about 90 seconds. After the treatment, the net is retracted, and the wand is removed, completing the procedure.
Tubal Sterilization
Sterilization as a
Permanent Birth
Control Option
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure that removes tissue from the uterus. It is typically performed to examine and treat specific uterine conditions, such as heavy bleeding, or to clear the uterine lining which lead to miscarriage or abortion.
Tubal Ligation
Tubal ligation is a procedure which is designed to prevent pregnancy by blocking the fallopian tubes. This obstruction stops eggs from traveling to the ovaries or sperm from reaching an egg. Often called “having your tubes tied,” the procedure can involve various methods, such as clamping, cutting, or sealing the tubes.
Nandhini – Pearl Hospital, a leading Muti speciality hospital in Velachery, Chennai, has been dedicated to women’s wellness for over 35 years, offering comprehensive gynaecological, fertility, cancer care, and specialty care treatments for women. Our team of expert obstetricians has safely delivered over 50,000 babies.
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