Postnatal Care

First 24 Hours After Birth

At birth, your baby will most likely be placed on your chest for skin-to-skin bonding. Afterwards, you will need to deliver the placenta. While you’re holding your newborn, your doctor will examine your perineum and vagina for any tears that might require stitches. Your midwife will check your baby’s condition along with monitoring your pulse, blood pressure, vaginal blood loss, and the firmness of your fundus (the top part of your uterus). They will also thoroughly examine your baby from head to toe. If your baby is born healthy, this full check can be delayed for a bit.

If you choose to breastfeed, your midwife can help you feed your baby.

After a normal vaginal delivery, you’ll likely stay in the birthing room with your baby for around two hours. During this time, you may have a meal, take a shower, and then move to the postnatal ward.

What should I expect physically in the first 24 hours after birth?

Your physical experience in the first 24 hours can vary greatly. You may feel a mix of joy, exhaustion, or even emotional overwhelm. This is perfectly natural after such a major life event. You will experience vaginal bleeding called ‘lochia,’ which is similar to a heavy period during the first 24 hours. You may pass clots; if they’re more significant than a 50-cent coin, inform your midwife. The bleeding may last up to 6 weeks.

Some women feel after-birth pains as the uterus contracts back to its normal size. These pains can resemble labour or period pain, and they might be more robust if this isn’t your first baby. A warm pack or pain relief from your doctor or midwife can help manage discomfort.

Your perineum might be swollen in the first 24 hours. To manage this, follow the RICE method:

Rest by lying down to minimize pain and swelling.
Ice packs applied for 20 minutes every 2 to 4 hours can reduce swelling.
Compression from firm underwear and 2-3 maternity pads offers support.
Exercise your pelvic floor muscles as soon as they are comfortable, ideally within the first few days.

If your perineum hurts, ask for pain relief. Stitches will dissolve in 1-2 weeks, and you can wash the area normally in the shower. Eating fibre and staying hydrated will help keep your stools soft to avoid straining. Your midwife or doctor will check the area to ensure there’s no significant bruising or signs of trauma.

In terms of breastfeeding, your body will produce colostrum to nourish your baby. This is a small amount, but just enough, as your baby’s stomach is tiny—about the size of a marble.

A series of emotional and physical adjustments mark the days following your baby’s birth. Whether you’ve had a vaginal or caesarean birth, understanding these mentioned changes can help you know this transition.

First Few Days After Giving Birth

During the first week postpartum, you’ll experience vaginal bleeding, known as ‘lochia.’ It starts as bright red and heavy, possibly with clots.

What will be happening in my body?

This is normal, but consult your midwife if you pass a clot larger than a 50-cent piece or notice a foul smell. The bleeding will typically continue for 4 to 6 weeks, gradually turning lighter and changing to reddish-brown or pink.

Some women also experience after-birth pains, which are caused by the uterus contracting to its pre-pregnancy size. These pains, which resemble labour or period cramps, are more common in women who have had multiple pregnancies. They can intensify during breastfeeding due to the release of hormones that aid uterine contraction. Using a warm pack on your abdomen or back may provide relief, and your healthcare provider can suggest pain management options.

Staying hydrated and eating fibre-rich foods is essential to ensure your bowels move within three days of giving birth. If you have stitches, swelling, or varicose veins in your vulva, your first bowel movement may be uncomfortable, so avoid straining.

Proper hygiene is crucial for those with stitches from a tear or episiotomy. Bathe in warm water regularly and dry the area carefully. Checking your perineum with a small mirror can help you monitor healing and detect infection signs like redness, swelling, or heat. If you have persistent pain or other concerns, contact your healthcare provider.

If you’ve had a cesarean section, follow your doctor’s guidance on wound care, including keeping the incision clean and dry and avoiding tight clothing. Recovery from a C-section typically takes longer than from a vaginal birth, so give yourself time to heal. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience ongoing pain, signs of infection, or other symptoms such as fever or heavy bleeding.

When do I start breastfeeding?

Most mothers breastfeed within an hour after birth. Initially, you’ll produce small amounts of colostrum, which is perfect for your newborn’s tiny stomach. By the third to fifth day, your breast milk will come in. It’s normal for babies to feed 8 to 12 times a day, but this can vary. Feed your baby on demand, as this helps establish a strong milk supply and meets their needs.

When is the best time to sleep?

Back to the early days, your baby will sleep for short stretches, often under four hours at a time. While nighttime rest will be limited, try to sleep whenever your baby does, whether it’s day or night.

Should I expect any emotional changes?

Postpartum emotions can fluctuate from joy to sadness. It’s common to feel teary, irritable, or overly sensitive, a phenomenon often referred to as the ‘baby blues.’ These feelings usually subside within a few days, especially with support from loved ones. However, if your mood doesn’t improve after two weeks, it will be a sign of postnatal depression, and it’s essential to seek help.

Recognizing the physical and emotional changes you’re going through in these first few days will make the postpartum period more manageable. Don’t hesitate to call your healthcare provider for support whenever necessary.

Birth Injury (to the mother)

What is a Birth Injury?

Birth injuries refer to physical damage or trauma experienced during childbirth, which can affect both the mother and the newborn. In infants, these injuries (often termed neonatal birth trauma) range from mild conditions like bruising to more serious ones such as fractures. However, birth injuries can also significantly impact mothers, manifesting as damage to the vaginal area or the pelvic floor.

Birth injuries sustained by mothers during childbirth can generally be categorized into two types: perineal injuries and pelvic floor injuries. Each type brings unique challenges and requires different approaches to treatment and recovery.

Injuries to the Perineal Area

The perineal area, located between the vagina and the anus, is particularly vulnerable during childbirth. Some of the common injuries experienced in this area include:

Perineal Tears and Episiotomy: Up to 75% of women who give birth vaginally may experience some form of perineal trauma. This includes natural tears or a surgical cut (episiotomy) made to assist with delivery. These injuries can range from minor grazes to more severe tearing, which may require stitches for proper healing.
Nerve Damage: In rare cases, the nerves in the perineal area can be damaged during childbirth, resulting in a condition called pudendal neuralgia. This is characterized by intense pain in the pelvic region, which can significantly affect the mother’s quality of life.
Hemorrhoids (Piles): Hemorrhoids are swollen veins around the anus that may appear as lumps. While often uncomfortable and itchy, they are generally not dangerous and tend to resolve on their own or with simple treatments.

Injuries to the Pelvic Floor

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles that support the uterus, bladder, and bowel. These muscles can suffer damage during childbirth, particularly in vaginal deliveries. Common pelvic floor injuries include:

Muscle Damage: Up to half of women who deliver vaginally experience some degree of muscle damage or overstretching in the pelvic floor, known as avulsion. This can lead to long-term changes that affect bladder, bowel, or sexual function.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse: When the pelvic muscles are weakened or torn, the organs they support—such as the bladder, bowel, or uterus—may shift down into the vaginal area. This condition, called as pelvic organ prolapse, can result in discomfort and bladder or bowel control issues.

In terms of breastfeeding, your breasts will start producing colostrum, the nutrient-rich first milk, which is ideal for your baby’s tiny stomach—about the size of a marble.

Emotional and Psychological Impact of Birth Injuries

While birth injuries are primarily physical, many women also experience emotional or psychological distress during and after childbirth. This is often said to be a birth trauma, and it can be triggered by the physical pain of delivery, complications during labour, or unmet expectations regarding the birth experience. Treatment and support are available for both physical injuries and emotional trauma.

Causes and Risk Factors of Birth Injuries

Factors beyond their control can often cause birth injuries in mothers. Some of the primary risk factors include:

Baby’s Position: A baby in the breech position (bottom or feet first) may increase the likelihood of birth injury.
Baby Size: Delivering a large baby (over 4 kilograms) can put additional pressure on the mother’s body, leading to injury.
Labour Duration: Extremely fast or prolonged labour can also contribute to birth injuries.
Complications: Various labour complications, including fetal distress or stalled labour, increase the risk of injury.
Assisted Deliveries: The use of forceps or vacuum (ventouse) during delivery can sometimes result in trauma.
Pelvic Structure: A small or unusually shaped pelvis may make it more challenging to deliver a baby vaginally without injury.

Can Birth Injuries Be Prevented?

While birth injuries cannot always be prevented, there are certain steps expectant mothers can take to reduce their risk:

Exercise Regularly: Engaging in pregnancy-safe exercises helps maintain overall fitness and can support easier labour.
Strengthen the Pelvic Floor: Daily pelvic floor exercises can help to prepare the muscles for birth and aid recovery afterwards.
Prevent Constipation: Avoiding constipation by maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated reduces the risk of weakening the pelvic muscles through straining.
Consider Birth Options: A cesarean section may help avoid certain birth injuries, though it carries its own set of risks and recovery challenges.

Treatment Options for Birth Injuries

For minor birth injuries, such as superficial perineal tears or bruising, the healing process is often straightforward. Many of these injuries resolve on their own, with the support of pain relief, rest, and proper care.

For more serious injuries, such as deep tears or pelvic muscle damage, treatment may include:

Stitches: Severe perineal tears often require surgical repair immediately following childbirth.
Pain Relief: Medications or topical treatments may be prescribed to manage pain associated with perineal injuries, haemorrhoids, or nerve damage.
Physiotherapy: Pelvic floor physiotherapy is often recommended to help strengthen damaged muscles and promote healing.
Surgical Intervention: In cases of pelvic organ prolapse or severe muscle damage, surgery may be necessary to correct the issue.

It’s also important to note that some injuries, particularly those affecting the pelvic floor, may not be diagnosed or treated until much later. Women who have experienced significant injuries during childbirth should seek follow-up care to address any ongoing symptoms.

What is birth trauma?

In addition to the physical toll, many women endure emotional and psychological distress following childbirth, a condition known as birth trauma. This can manifest as feelings of fear, helplessness, or anxiety during or after the birth process.

Birth trauma isn’t limited to complications during labour—it also includes how a woman feels about her birth experience afterwards. For example, feelings of guilt, shock, or numbness are common, and some mothers may experience panic attacks or prolonged anxiety.

If you suspect that you are suffering from birth trauma, you are not alone. Research suggests that up to one in three women experience birth trauma, with varying degrees of emotional and psychological impact. Support is available, and addressing these feelings early is essential for both the mother and her family.

What are the risk factors for birth trauma?

A variety of factors may contribute to the development of birth trauma, including:

Unmet Expectations: When childbirth doesn’t go as planned, it will lead to feelings of disappointment and trauma.
Difficult Labor: Complicated or painful labour increases the likelihood of emotional distress.
Medical Interventions: Assisted deliveries or emergency cesarean sections can be traumatizing.
Birth Injuries: Injuries sustained by either the mother or the baby during childbirth can lead to long-lasting emotional effects.
Neonatal Care: The mother may feel additional stress and worry if the baby requires medical attention immediately after birth.
Lack of Support: Not receiving adequate care or emotional support during or after the birth can exacerbate feelings of trauma.

A history of trauma, including experiences like domestic violence or childhood abuse, can increase the likelihood of birth trauma, making it essential for healthcare providers to recognize and address these risks.

Can Birth Trauma Be Prevented?

While it is impossible to control every aspect of childbirth, there are ways to reduce the likelihood of experiencing birth trauma:

Prepare for Childbirth: Attending antenatal classes can help manage expectations and reduce anxiety.
Set Realistic Expectations: Birth can be unpredictable, and having an open mind about the experience can help minimise disappointment.
Establish a Support System: Surround yourself with people who can offer emotional and practical support.
Seek Professional Help: If you have a history of anxiety or trauma, counselling can be beneficial before and after birth.

How is birth trauma treated?

If you are experiencing symptoms of birth trauma, seeking help early is crucial. While many new mothers experience the “baby blues,” if emotional distress persists for more than two weeks, you may be dealing with postnatal depression or anxiety.

Support from a healthcare professional, counselling, and connecting with other mothers who have had similar experiences can be invaluable in recovery.

Bladder Weakness After Birth

What is Urinary Incontinence?

Urinary incontinence describes any unintentional loss of urine. It will manifest in varying degrees of severity, from minor leaks to a complete lack of bladder control. Fortunately, urinary incontinence can often be improved, and in some cases, fully resolved with the right treatment and lifestyle changes. Early consultation with a healthcare provider can significantly reduce the chances of this issue becoming a persistent problem.

Why Does Urinary Incontinence Occur?

During pregnancy, the body does produce hormones that loosen and stretch the muscles and tissues responsible for supporting the bladder, bowel, and uterus. These muscles and tissues form what’s known as the pelvic floor. When your baby descends through the birth canal, these muscles stretch considerably, remaining stretched for a time after delivery.

The combination of pregnancy hormones and the physical stretching of the pelvic floor weakens the muscles controlling your bladder, which may result in accidental urine leakage. This is often referred to as stress incontinence, which do occur when pressure is applied to the bladder through activities like laughing, sneezing, coughing, or exercising.

How common is urinary incontinence?

Urinary incontinence after childbirth is quite common, with approximately one in three women experiencing some degree of leakage after having a baby. Stress incontinence, the most frequent form, happens when physical activities place pressure on the bladder. Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing urinary incontinence after childbirth, including:

Pre-existing bladder or bowel issues
Urinary problems during pregnancy
First-time childbirth
Larger baby size
Lengthy labor, especially prolonged second stages
Difficult deliveries, particularly those requiring stitches, tearing, vacuum extraction, or forceps

Caesarean sections, though they may lower the risk of severe incontinence to around 5-10% for the first child. However, by the third caesarean, the risk of bladder issues becomes similar to that of vaginal delivery.

When should I see my doctor?

In most cases, women find that their urinary incontinence improves within the first few weeks after childbirth as the stretched pelvic muscles recover. For some, however, the recovery process may take longer; in certain cases, the pelvic floor may never fully regain its strength.

If you continue to experience urinary leakage beyond a few weeks, it’s a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional. Your doctor, a maternal health nurse, or a women’s physiotherapist can offer advice on how to manage and treat the condition effectively. Explaining the issue early can prevent it from becoming a long-term concern.

How is urinary incontinence treated?

The treatment for urinary incontinence largely depends on its type and severity. In the days immediately following childbirth, rest and gentle recovery are essential for allowing the pelvic floor to heal. Using ice packs on the perineal area and focusing on rest during the first few days can aid in reducing discomfort and swelling.

Once you pass the initial recovery period, you can begin gentle pelvic floor exercises. A basic approach involves contracting the pelvic muscles for three seconds, then resting for fifteen seconds, repeating the process three times. As you build strength, you will gradually increase the duration of each hold. These exercises are an effective way to reduce the likelihood of long-term bladder issues.

In addition to exercises, lifestyle modifications such as losing post-pregnancy weight, increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding heavy lifting can also help manage urinary incontinence. If symptoms persist, your healthcare provider will refer you to a specialist who offers more advanced treatments such as medication or surgery.

Pelvic Floor Exercises

Pelvic floor exercises are a powerful tool in preventing and treating urinary incontinence. These muscles are responsible for holding the bladder, bowel, and uterus, and can be toned and strengthened, much like any other muscles in the body. Engaging in pelvic floor exercises before, during, and after pregnancy can reduce the risk of incontinence.

A simple pelvic floor exercise to try is as follows:

Take a deep breath in, then exhale gradually.
Contract your pelvic muscles when you are trying to stop the flow of urine.
Hold the contraction for ten seconds while breathing normally.
Relax and rest for ten seconds before repeating.
Aim to repeat this exercise ten times, three times a day.

These exercises are done anytime and anywhere, making them a convenient and practical part of your postnatal recovery routine.

Caring for Your Physical and Emotional Wellbeing After Childbirth

Bringing home a newborn is an exciting but overwhelming experience. Between sleepless nights, constant feedings, and adjusting to your baby’s needs, it can be hard to prioritize your own wellbeing. However, taking care of yourself is essential during this time. While life may feel chaotic in the first few weeks, it’s important to remember that things will gradually settle.

Around six to eight weeks postpartum, you may start to feel more in control, and by three to four months, most mothers find they have adjusted to the rhythm of life with a baby. In the meantime, here are some strategies to help you navigate these early weeks:

Nap when the baby naps: Even short naps can help you recharge.
Delegate household tasks: Focus on your wellbeing and that of your baby. Housework can wait, or better yet, be delegated to a partner or family member.
Partner involvement: Encourage your partner to take part in baby care activities such as changing and bathing, which gives you a break and strengthens their bond with the baby.
Accept help from others: If friends or family offer to assist with chores or errands, let them. Many people are happy to help, so take advantage of their kindness.
Use relaxation techniques: When feeling stressed, utilize relaxation techniques you may have learned during pregnancy to regain a sense of calm.
Conserve energy: Sit down for tasks when possible—changing nappies or folding laundry can be done while seated, for example.
Keep meals simple: Focus on nutritious but easy-to-prepare meals, like salads paired with lean protein or simple snacks like yoghurt and fruit.
Time for yourself: Even short breaks can make a difference. Whether it’s a quick bath, a few minutes of reading, or a short walk, prioritize some time each day for your own mental and emotional wellbeing.

It’s crucial to remember that you need to take care of yourself in order to effectively care for your baby. Allow yourself grace during this period of adjustment, and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed.

Your Body After Birth

After giving birth, your body will recover, and it’s important to understand what’s normal and what may require medical attention. One of the changes you will experience is vaginal bleeding, known as lochia, which typically lasts about 4 to 6 weeks. Initially, the bleeding will be red, but it should gradually become pinky-brown within the first few days.

While it is expected to experience some bleeding, there are certain signs that should prompt a visit to your doctor. If the bleeding becomes heavier, turns bright red again, you pass clots, or the bleeding develops an unpleasant smell, it could indicate a problem that needs to be suggested by a healthcare professional.

Dealing with Constipation

Constipation can also be an issue after childbirth, but there are easy solutions to manage it. Focus on eating fibre-rich foods to improve digestion. Including large salads with a variety of raw vegetables, fresh fruits, dried fruits, wholegrain bread, and even baked beans on toast in your diet can help keep things moving.

It’s equally important to stay hydrated, so drink plenty of fluids—while minimizing your intake of tea and coffee, which can be dehydrating. Walking or light physical activity can also help alleviate constipation and improve overall digestive function.

Caring for Vaginal or Perineal Stitches

If you’ve had vaginal or perineal stitches, it’s normal to feel soreness in the area for a while. To reduce discomfort, continue using cold packs and, if necessary, anti-inflammatory painkillers like Ibuprofen. If the pain becomes more intense or the area shows signs of infection, such as inflammation, redness, or unusual discharge, consult your doctor promptly.

Your Six-Week Check-up

Schedule a check-up visit with your doctor or obstetrician around six weeks after giving birth to ensure that your body is healing properly. Some women prefer to combine this visit with their baby’s immunization appointment, which usually takes place around the two-month mark. This check-up may include an internal examination to confirm that everything is back to normal. If it’s time for your routine cervical screening test (Pap smear), your doctor may conduct that during the same visit.

Resuming Your Sex Life

When it comes to resuming sexual activity, it’s usually safe to do so once your vaginal bleeding has stopped—typically between four to six weeks after childbirth. However, it’s important to remember that every woman is different; some may feel ready sooner than others. While some women may want to reconnect with their partner through intimacy at this stage, it’s completely normal to feel more inclined to prioritize rest and sleep during this period.

As your body continues to recover over the next few months, both your physical shape and your sex life are likely to improve. To ease into this transition, it’s important to communicate openly with your partner about how you’re feeling. Spending some quality time together as a couple, even if it doesn’t involve sex, can help strengthen your relationship. When you do decide to have sex, set realistic expectations. The first time may not go exactly as planned, and if you experience discomfort, it’s okay to pause and try again after some time.

There are also other ways to feel close and connect with your partner if sex is off the table for a while. If you’re concerned about leaking breast milk during sex, feeding your baby or expressing milk beforehand can help reduce this possibility, although some couples are comfortable with it.

Contraception After Birth

It’s important not to wait until your six-week postnatal check-up to start thinking about contraception. Even if you are breastfeeding, it’s still possible to get pregnant before your first period. Breastfeeding mothers are often advised not to take the combined oral contraceptive pill, as it can interfere with milk production. However, there are several contraceptive options that are safe and won’t affect your milk supply. Consult your doctor or a family planning clinic to discuss the best method of contraception for you during this time.

Taking Care of Your Emotional Health

Caring for your emotional well-being is just as necessary as taking care of your physical health. The early days of parenthood can be filled with emotional highs and lows, and it’s essential to acknowledge and address your feelings. Prioritizing your mental health not only help you to manage the challenges of being a new parent but also positively impact your baby’s emotional and developmental well-being.

For many women, having a baby is a life-changing event that brings a sense of joy, accomplishment, and relief. However, it’s also common to experience a range of emotions that may differ from your expectations. The process of giving birth and adapting to your new role as a mother can sometimes feel overwhelming. It’s important to remember that it may take time to bond with your baby and feel confident in your new responsibilities.

Some new mothers may not feel an immediate connection with their babies, and that’s perfectly normal. The early days and weeks after birth are a period of adjustment, and it’s okay if the emotional bond takes time to develop. Be patient with yourself as you settle into your new role, and don’t hesitate to reach out for support if you need it.

Managing Expectations and Seeking Support

It’s important to recognize that every woman’s experience of motherhood is different. You may feel pressure to live up to certain expectations, whether they come from society, family, or even yourself. However, focusing on what works best for you and your baby is essential rather than trying to conform to external standards.

If you struggle emotionally or feel overwhelmed, don’t hesitate to seek help. Postnatal depression and anxiety are common, and there is no shame in reaching out to your healthcare provider for guidance and support. Whether it’s talking to a counsellor, joining a support group, or simply confiding in a trusted friend or family member, seeking support can make a big difference in how you navigate this challenging time.

In addition to professional support, building a network of other new parents can be incredibly helpful. Connecting with others who are facing the same experiences will provide a sense of community and reassurance. Parenting groups, online forums, and local meet-ups can all offer opportunities to share advice, concerns, and experiences.

Balancing Self-Care with Baby Care

Taking Care for a newborn can be all-consuming, but it’s important not to neglect your self-care. Taking time to rest, eat well, and engage in activities that help you recharge can make a big difference in your overall well-being. This doesn’t mean you have to dedicate hours each day to self-care, but finding small moments throughout the entire day to relax and recharge can help you manage the parenthood more effectively. Simple activities like taking a short walk, enjoying a quiet cup of tea, or spending a few minutes doing deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress and restore your energy levels. Remember that looking after your own needs doesn’t diminish your ability to care for your baby—in fact, it enhances it.

Navigating the postpartum period can be both exciting and challenging. Understanding what to expect in terms of physical recovery, emotional health, and relationship dynamics can help ease the transition into parenthood. Prioritizing your well-being, seeking support when needed, and allowing yourself time to adjust will all contribute to a smoother, healthier recovery for both you and your baby.

Caring for a newborn during the first year is both a constant and demanding task. This period often brings sleepless nights, moments when the baby seems inconsolable, and times of feeling unsure about what to do next. It will be stressful and overwhelming when your baby is unsettled or facing feeding challenges. These feelings can be further heightened if you lack emotional or financial support from your partner, family, or friends. It’s not uncommon to wonder whether your emotions are normal under the circumstances. What’s crucial is ensuring both you and your partner take care of yourselves and each other.

Many women experience depression or anxiety symptoms during pregnancy or in the months following childbirth (referred to as the postnatal period). During routine appointments, a doctor, midwife, or nurse may assess whether you need extra support. It’s essential to pay attention to how you’re feeling and acknowledge if everyday tasks start to feel unmanageable. If you’ve been feeling persistently sad, down, worried, or anxious for a while, and it’s beginning to impact your life, seeking help is essential.

Taking some time for yourself can have a positive effect on your stress levels. If a partner, friend, or relative can take care of the baby for a short while, use the opportunity to take a break. A brief walk outside or even some time to relax can help relieve stress.

Sleep in the Early Days

Loss of sleep is one of the biggest challenges parents face in the first few months of their baby’s life. Adults typically need around 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night to feel rested, although this can range from 5 to 10 hours, depending on the person. During those first months, before your baby develops a consistent routine, it’s inevitable that you’ll be running on less sleep.

Tips for Parents to Improve Sleep

There are strategies you can use to combat sleep deprivation:

Catch up on sleep when possible: If you miss out on sleep during the week, aim to sleep in or take naps over the weekend. Whenever you find an opportunity, try to rest.
Rest even if you can’t sleep: Even if sleeping during the day is difficult, lying down and relaxing can still help restore your energy.
Limit stimulants: If possible, cutting back on caffeine and other stimulants may improve your sleep quality. Though they provide a short-term boost, these substances will make it difficult to relax and sleep later.
Share responsibilities: If possible, share nighttime duties with your partner, a family member, or a friend. Taking turns on baby duty can ensure both of you get some rest. While this may be more challenging for breastfeeding mothers, the key is to rest whenever the baby is sleeping.

Postnatal Depression

What is Postnatal Depression?

While it’s common for new parents to feel exhausted and overwhelmed, postnatal depression is more severe. It involves prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or numbness, making it difficult to cope with everyday tasks and enjoy life. Physical symptoms like sleep disturbances and several changes in appetite often accompany this low mood. Left untreated, postnatal depression can persist and worsen over time.

Postnatal depression affects approximately 1 in 5 mothers and 1 in 10 fathers in the first year after a baby is born. However, just because it’s common doesn’t mean it should be ignored. If you’re struggling, support is available to help you regain a sense of joy and well-being for yourself and your baby.

What is the difference between 'baby blues' and postnatal depression?

Up to 80% of new mothers experience “baby blues” in the first week or second week after giving birth. This is typically due to the hormonal fluctuations that occur after pregnancy and childbirth. Symptoms can include mood swings, anxiety, tearfulness, and difficulty sleeping. While these feelings can be challenging, they usually resolve on their own within a few days or weeks without any specific treatment.

In contrast, postnatal depression lasts longer than two weeks, and its symptoms are more intense. It often interferes with your ability to function in daily life. Unlike baby blues, postnatal depression doesn’t usually go away without treatment. This can make it particularly hard to manage when you’re also adjusting to life with a newborn.

If you’re unsure whether what you’re feeling is normal or might be a sign of something more serious, it’s a good idea to seek guidance from a healthcare provider.

Postnatal Anxiety vs. Depression: What's the Difference?

Both anxiety and depression are common after childbirth, and they can often occur together. While some symptoms may overlap, they are distinct conditions that may require different treatment approaches. Depression tends to affect mood, making you feel persistently sad or numb. On the other hand, anxiety manifests as excessive worry or fear that can feel difficult to control. Both conditions can make daily tasks feel overwhelming and reduce your ability to enjoy life.

Am I at Risk of Postnatal Depression?

Various factors do increase your risk of developing postnatal depression:

A previous history of depression and mental health issues
Previous pregnancy loss or miscarriage
A difficult pregnancy or birth experience
Having a baby who is unwell or difficult to settle
A history of physical, sexual, or emotional trauma
Lack of social or emotional support

Having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee you will experience postnatal depression, but it does increase your vulnerability. If you’re aware of these risks, it’s helpful to ensure you have strong emotional and practical support in place during pregnancy and after childbirth. This can reduce the likelihood of depression developing and provide you with better coping mechanisms if it does.

What are signs of postnatal depression?

Each person may experience postnatal depression differently, but there are common symptoms to watch out for. Recognizing these early can help you seek support sooner, as they are often overlooked or dismissed as typical new-parent struggles. Symptoms include:

Persistent feelings of sadness or emotional numbness
A sense of hopelessness or worthlessness
Losing interest in activities or people, including your baby
Sleeping too much or struggling with insomnia
Lot of Changes in appetite, leading to weight loss or gain
Difficulty managing day-to-day tasks
Thinking of self-harm or harm to your baby

Nandhini – Pearl Hospital, a leading Muti speciality hospital in Velachery, Chennai, has been dedicated to women’s wellness for over 35 years, offering comprehensive gynaecological, fertility, cancer care, and specialty care treatments for women. Our team of expert obstetricians has safely delivered over 50,000 babies.

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